Versions of tar
prior to 4.4.2 for 4.x and 2.2.2 for 2.x are vulnerable to Arbitrary File Overwrite. Extracting tarballs containing a hardlink to a file that already exists in the system, and a file that matches the hardlink will overwrite the system's file with the contents of the extracted file.
For tar 4.x, upgrade to version 4.4.2 or later. For tar 2.x, upgrade to version 2.2.2 or later.